The book presents results of a research project focused on modern theoretical approaches addressing institutional conditions and economic policy incentives for economic de-velopment. Theoretical arguments and cross-country comparisons are used to identify the most promising directions of institutional change in Russian economy and policy-making as well as analytical tools to study them. Policy recommendations include proposals for institutional reforms to grant sustainable post-crisis development of both Russian and the world economy, in particular improvements in economic policy mechanisms, property rights protection, and Russia’s role in global economic governance.