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In the journal «The National Security Journal» number 4 (volume 3)  2022 an articles by Alexey Kupriyanov «Exploring the Impact of Submarine Saturation on Strategic Stability in South Asia» and Dmitry Stefanovich «Nuclear Posture and Technology Trends in South Asia and Ways Ahead».

The beginning of the naval strategic race between the United States and China, the expansion of the sphere of Chinese interests into the Indian Ocean region, the strengthening of the China-Pakistan strategic partnership and the growing rivalry between India and China are transforming the Indian Ocean region into a space that is literally teeming with nuclear and conventional submarines of potential participants in an underwater Cold War.

The dynamics of nuclear posture and weapons technology development in South Asia are diverse and rapidly shifting. Without real measures to manage these, the situation can spiral out of control. Threat perceptions and misperceptions among the leadership of South Asian nuclear weapon states affect doctrinal and force posture shifts in the nuclear domain. Moreover, third parties play an increasingly important role in these dynamics. There is an impetus for creating and implementing risk reduction and arms control measures to address these various factors and their impact on nuclear posture and technology development.

Exploring the Impact of Submarine Saturation on Strategic Stability in South Asia

Nuclear Posture and Technology Trends in South Asia and Ways Ahead